Author: Emmunah » Sat Jun 25, 2005 12:55 am
Here is the information from the Quran and how this got into Islamic belief:
The third version of the legend is Islamic. It appears in this Koran passage, concerning the deeds of Dhucarnain, the protector of all Muslims:
"Then he continued his way until he came to the place where the sun riseth; and he found it to rise on certain people unto whom we had not given anything wherewith to shelter themselves therefrom. Thus it was; and we comprehended with our knowledge the forces that were with him. And he prosecuted his journey from south to north, until he came between the two mountains, beneath which he found certain people, who could scarce understand what was said. And they said: O Dhu'lkarnein, verily Gog and Magog waste the land; shall we therefore pay thee tribute, on condition that thou build a rampart between us and them? The power wherewith my Lord had strengthened me is better than your tribute; but assist me strenuously, and I will set a strong wall between you and them. Bring me iron in large pieces, until it fill up the space between the two sides of these mountains. And he said to the workmen, blow with your bellows, until it make the iron red hot as fire. And he said further, bring me molten brass, that I may pour upon it. Wherefore, when this wall was finished, Gog and Magog could not scale it, neither could they dig through it. And Dhu'lkarnein said, this is a mercy from my Lord: but when the prediction of my Lord shall come to be fulfilled, he shall reduce the wall to dust; and the prediction of my Lord is true." --Koran, xviii
And this version:
"Ours the realm of Dhu'l-Qarnayn the glorious,
Realm like his was never won by mortal king,
Followed he the Sun to view his setting
When it sank into the sombre ocean-spring;
Up he clomb to see it rise at morning
From within the mansions when the east it fired;
All day long the horizons led him onward,
All night through he watched the stars and never tired.
Then of iron and of liquid metal
He prepared a rampart not to be o'er-passed.
Gog and Magog here he threw in prison
Till on Judgement Day they wake at last."
--Hassan b. Thabit, a late contemporary of Mohammed (?)
The transposition of the Alexander romances into the Koran is supposed to stem from a title given to Alexander: he was known as Alexander Two-horned, that is Alexander Dulkarnain. In one of the romances--the "Greek Romance of Alexander", of Pseudo-Callisthenes--Alexander was refered to as the son of the god Ammon, who had the head of a ram. Alexander is also represented on old coins with ram's horns adorning his forehead.
Moses was also called Two-horned (and this is why Michelangelo's statue of Moses sports two horns like the Devil) but this was a confusion with words; he was spoken of as having a ray of light upon his forehead, but the Arabic term 'rayed' koren also translates as 'horned'. However Alexander Dulkarnain and Moses Dulkarnain both eventually become confused with the angel Dulkarnain, protector of Islam. (Hence, many Muslims revere Alexander as a Muslim saint.)
Never look down on somebody unless you are helping them up.
You grow up the day you have your first real laugh.... at yourself.