24/07/2012
RUDAW EXCLUSIVE
Farhad Atroshi is a member of the Oil and Gas Committee in Iraqi Parliament. He recently visited the Kurdistan Region at a time when Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki has accused the region of “smuggling” oil and threatened to cut its budget. Atroshi sat down with Rudaw to give his insight into the issue and the growing tensions between Erbil and Baghdad.
Rudaw: The Oil and Gas Committee visited the Kurdistan Region. What was the main purpose of the visit?
Farhad Atroshi: The Oil and Gas Committee recently proposed a visit to the Kurdistan Region to find a solution and work toward implementation of the oil and gas law. I told the committee that all efforts with regards to the implementation of law would be in vain, and that therefore we should visit the Kurdistan Region to find out what the problems are between Baghdad and Erbil around the exportation of oil.
In Kurdistan, we met with the minister of natural resources. He provided the committee with a copy of all the contracts the Kurdistan Region has signed with foreign oil companies, so the region cannot be accused of not being transparent with these contracts.
We also found out that of the 700,000 barrels of oil a day the central Iraqi government refines from oil fields, only 400,000 barrels are actually being transported to Iraqi cities, so 300,000 barrels of oil are missing.
Also, Dr. Ashti Hawrami, Kurdistan’s minister of natural resources and a specialist in oil and gas, told us that when 100,000 barrels of oil are refined, only 5 percent goes to waste; however, the Iraqi government states that 50 percent goes to waste.
He said that Iraq sends refined oil to cities at a price of $10, yet that money is missing too. He showed us, with documents, how nearly 50 million barrels of oil have been sold recently, yet that money is also missing.
“I think the opinion of the Oil and Gas Committee toward Kurdistan has changed after this visit,”He indicated that Iraq has cut the Kurdistan Region’s share of the oil budget, as the central government must provide Kurdistan 140,000 barrels of oil per day, because the region by law has a share of 17 percent of the overall Iraqi budget, yet they only provide 15,000 barrels of oil.
Basically, the outcome of the visit was that what the Iraqi government has been claiming is not entirely true.
Rudaw: Did you visit the Kurdistan Region’s oil fields and refineries?
Farhad Atroshi: The committee made two visits on the ground. First, we visited Kurdistan’s 1,000-megawatt electricity station that is run by 90 people. The Ministry of Oil provides 5,000 megawatts of electricity to the whole of Iraq with 100,000 public servants. Compared to Kurdistan, Iraq has spent $30 billion on electricity, yet still can only provide 5,000 megawatts. In the Kurdistan Region however, for 1,000 megawatts only $1 billion has been spent. And unlike Iraqi, that electricity has been provided by the private sector, not the government.
I think the opinion of the Oil and Gas Committee toward Kurdistan has changed after this visit, though still we cannot say that the oil and gas law will be passed and implemented in the near future, as Hussain Shahristani will continue with his politics against the Kurdistan Region.
Rudaw: Did you also talk about the exportation of crude oil to Turkey with Kurdistan’s minister of natural resources?
Farhad Atroshi: Yes, and he said only four tankers of crude oil are sent to Turkey to be refined so petrol, gasoline and other materials are provided for the Kurdistan Region. And that is due to Iraq’s central government cutting Kurdistan’s budget. He also emphasized that, without Iraq, the Kurdistan Region has to do whatever it can to provide people with their necessities.
Rudaw: Baghdad is busy buying weapons and Iraqi officials say that Kurdistan does not have the right to buy weapons. Do you think the Kurdistan Regional Government [KRG] also has the right to buy weapons?
Farhad Atroshi: The problem is that Iraqi officials think that the KRG is part of the Iraqi government, which is wrong. The KRG is not part of [Iraqi Prime Minister] Maliki’s government; we are part of a federal state. The state is one thing; the government is another.
We have no problem with the fact that Iraq buys weapons, because Kurds also need to buy weapons and need to know what is going on. They fear what the central government is buying weapons for as they have managed to buy many of the latest American weapons, mainly for the anti-terror units directly under the control of Maliki. This is, in fact, dangerous. Iraq is now going through a political crisis while Maliki’s government is busy buying F-16 fighter jets. We are scared that one day these weapons and fighter jets will be used against those political rivals now in opposition to Maliki’s politics.
Rudaw: A Gorran MP said that Maliki has a plan to attack the Kurdistan Region in less than a year. Do you know about that plan?
Farhad Atroshi: Our analysis tells us that the leaders of the State of the Law Coalition and others close to Maliki think that because they are the majority they should stay in power. They all want Maliki to stay because they believe he is the guy who can handle the status of affairs in Iraq at this stage. Maliki provides a lot of money to the Iraqi media so they ruin the image of Kurdistan. He also provides a lot of money to buy Iraqi MPs.
“Iraq is now going through a political crisis while Maliki’s government is busy buying F-16 fighter jets.”Rudaw: Do you have any sort evidence to back up that claim?
Farhad Atroshi: Yes, we have evidence.
Rudaw: Does he pay Kurdish MPs too?
Farhad Atroshi: He hasn’t managed to buy Kurds yet, but he has other people who are members of the Iraqiya bloc who have been paid, given armored cars, guards and a villa. Izzat Shabandar, who is an MP for the State of the Coalition, is now a businessman and lives in Beirut. Other people sent by Shabandar meet ministers and make contracts that are worth $1 million.
Rudaw: Have any efforts been made to get negotiations going between Maliki and KRG President Massoud Barzani so they find a solution to the problems between Erbil and Baghdad?
Farhad Atroshi: No, no efforts have been made, because Maliki has got to go. If Maliki stays, it will not just be bad for the Kurds, it will be bad for the entire population of Iraq. If Maliki stays in power, that means internal conflict within the Shia population and Maliki controlling the Shia street.
Rudaw: What is the latest position of Kurdistan’s president on Maliki?
Farhad Atroshi: I had a meeting with President Barzani on Thursday, and he said to not stop what I have been doing but to continue with my work.
Rudaw: Did the State of the Law Coalition and the Iraqi National Coalition ask to find a solution together?
Farhad Atroshi: They have asked several times, saying we are all friends and can find a solution together. However, let me be very clear here: if President Barzani had a personal problem with Maliki, that would be easily solved. If Barzani proposed anything to Maliki in that regard, he would not refuse. But the dilemma is not about that. It is not personal; it is a problem of the Kurdish people with the Iraqi government. A top Iraqi official told me that Maliki said if Barzani was to change his position, they would agree to all of his other conditions.
Rudaw: You mentioned conflict between Sadrists and Maliki. Is that based on fact or only your opinion?
Farhad Atroshi: That is my opinion. In a meeting, Maliki said that if 40 members of the Iraqiya bloc were with them, he would slap the Sadrists and the National Coalition. There are hundreds of Sadrists in Iraqi prisons. Although there was an agreement that a member of the Sadrists would become leader of the Justice and Questioning Committee, he has yet to be put in that position.
Maliki has plans to get closer to the Iraqiya bloc now, especially with extremists who live in the disputed areas. He then can say that he represents all Iraqi people and so can remain in power. Some are saying now that “a strong Iraq can only be built at the hands of Maliki.”
Rudaw: But the Sadrists are not that insistent anymore that Prime Minister Maliki leave office?
“His current poor health won’t allow him to do what he was able to do in the past.”Farhad Atroshi: No, that is not true. The Shia Coalition organized a reform committee, but the Sadrists retreated from it and said that the committee would only talk without putting anything into practice, and they were persistent that the three main branches of the Iraqi government should not be headed by the same people for more than two terms, which I think will be successful. But I don’t know if the federal judicial branch will accept that, because so far all of their decisions have been in the interests of Maliki.
Rudaw: Some are saying that if Iraqi President Jalal Talabani comes back, a solution to this problem will be easily found.
Farhad Atroshi: His current poor health won’t allow him to do what he was able to do in the past.
Rudaw: But Dr. Fuad Masoum, current leader of the Kurdistan Alliance, said that when Talabani returns, a national congress would be held where all the problems would be solved.
Farhad Atroshi: A national congress is not in the hands of Dr. Fuad Masoum. Some parties of the Kurdistan Coalition, as well as some people in the Iraqiya bloc, still have to make a decision on that, so it might not be so easy to hold a national congress.
Rudaw: There are talks of former Baathist officers returning to their jobs. Why have Kurdish MPs been silent on this issue?
Farhad Atroshi: Maliki has been in power for six years and is now trying to bring back those Baathist officers, but we do not want to open this highly sensitive and hot debate in parliament because it will eventually destabilize it. And Maliki wants that; he wants to weaken parliament, so debating that issue right now would be in his interests and could undermine the issue of him leaving office or being questioned in front of parliament.
Rudaw: You have been persistent about wanting Maliki to go, but Kurdish MPs have been quiet. Does that mean the topic has now been brought to an end?
Farhad Atroshi: No, it has not ended. We are working painstakingly to organize the cases that have been brought against Maliki. It is true that the process is time-consuming and people are disillusioned, but it will soon start to move and Maliki will soon be asked to be present in parliament for questioning.
Rudaw: When will he be asked?
Farhad Atroshi: The committee who is organizing it will ask the head of parliament to send an official letter to the prime minister’s office.
Rudaw: Do you have enough evidence to lead to a non-confidence vote and remove Maliki from his post?
Farhad Atroshi: We have very strong evidence. Any prime minister of any country in the world would resign straightaway if such evidence was held against him.
Rudaw: Would you say the dispute between the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) ended up in Maliki’s interest?
Farhad Atroshi: I would not say “dispute,” but the two different perspectives on the matter delayed the process to say the least.
Rudaw: Has Maliki tried to divide the Kurds?
Farhad Atroshi: Yes, of course. What he did has led to disunity, as among Kurds a single united perspective does not exist anymore.